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How Does Personal Loan Default Happen?

Personal loan default comes with some negative consequences, but there are steps you can take to avoid default and lessen its impact on your finances.

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By Erin Gobler

Written by

Erin Gobler

Contributor, Credible

Erin Gobler has over 10 years of experience in personal finance. Her work has appeared on Fox Business, Fox Money, USA TODAY, Business Insider, GOBankingRates, Newsweek Vault, CNN, and Forbes Advisor.

Edited by Jared Hughes

Written by

Jared Hughes

Former editor, Fox Money

Jared Hughes has over eight years of experience in personal finance. He has provided insight to Fox Business, New York Post, and NewsBreak.

Reviewed by Meredith Mangan

Written by

Meredith Mangan

Senior editor, Credible

Meredith Mangan is a senior editor at Credible and expert on personal loans.

Updated April 19, 2024

Editorial disclosure: Our goal is to give you the tools and confidence you need to improve your finances. Although we receive compensation from our partner lenders, whom we will always identify, all opinions are our own. Credible Operations, Inc. NMLS # 1681276, is referred to here as “Credible.”

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If you’re facing financial hardship and fall behind on your bills, loan default is a possible consequence. Unfortunately, default can result in late fees, a drop in your credit score, and legal action.

If you’ve defaulted on a loan or are afraid you might, don’t panic. First, there are steps you can take to prevent a personal loan default, even if you’re having trouble making your payments. There are also options available once you’ve already defaulted.

What is personal loan default?

Personal loan default means you’ve failed to make your contractually agreed-upon payments. Though you could technically be in default after a single missed payment, many lenders don’t typically consider you to be in default until you’ve missed payments for 90 days.

Default can have both short-term and long-term financial consequences. Your credit score will decline, you may have a hard time accessing credit in the future, and, in extreme situations, you may even be on the receiving end of legal action.

Personal loan default consequences

There are several possible consequences of personal loan default.

  • Late fees: Your lender may charge you a late fee as soon as the day after your missed payment. In fact, you’re likely to be charged a late fee before your loan is even considered in default.
  • Missed payments reported: Your lender will report your missed payments to the three credit bureaus. These missed payments will negatively impact your payment history, and your credit score is likely to drop. The amount your credit score will drop after default depends on a variety of factors, but based on FICO data, the decrease could be upward of 100 points, especially if you had good credit to begin with.
  • Debt could be sent to collections: Your lender might sell your debt to a collections agency, which would then pursue payment from you.
  • Legal action: A lender could also sue you for the amount you still owe, possibly resulting in wage garnishment. A portion of your paycheck is then withheld to pay off your debt.
  • Long-term credit impact: Missed payments remain on your credit report for 7 years, meaning your score may continue to suffer. During that time, you could be denied loans and credit cards or be charged higher interest rates due to the perceived increased risk of lending to you.

How to prevent personal loan default

Default isn’t your only option. Here are a few steps to take to avoid that outcome:

  1. Create a budget: If you’re struggling to pay your bills each month, your first step should be creating a budget. You’ll be able to see if you’re overspending or whether your income isn’t high enough to meet your financial obligations.
  2. Contact your lender: Your lender may be willing to work with you to modify your payments or even pause them temporarily. It’s best to contact them proactively, before you default.
  3. Tap into your emergency fund: Consider using your emergency fund to make your loan payments until you can get back on your feet. This is a short-term solution, however, as you don’t want to drain your savings.
  4. Set up automatic payments: Set up automatic payments to help prevent missed payments. Just note that this method isn't a failsafe. Your bank could still send the payment late, in some cases, so schedule autopays early so you have time to make sure they go through. 
  5. Refinance your personal loan: This may only be an option if your credit hasn't yet taken a hit, as you'll want to have decent credit to qualify for a personal loan refinance. Even if you can't get a lower rate (and thereby a lower payment) through refinancing, you may be able to extend your the repayment term, which could lower your payment enough to make it affordable.
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Tip

If your monthly payments are too high for your budget, consider a debt consolidation loan. Your debt is consolidated into one monthly payment, and you may get a lower APR, which can help ease the burden.

Personal loan refinance rates

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What to do if you default on a personal loan

The sooner you get caught up on your payments, the more you can contain the impact on your credit score and the less likely your lender is to pursue any legal action.

  • Discuss repayment options with your lender: Start by contacting your lender to see if it has any repayment options. If you show a willingness to get caught up on your payments, it could make it more likely to work with you.
  • Look into debt management: You can work with a credit counseling agency to set up a debt management plan. A credit counselor will review your financial situation, and will develop a payment plan to help you pay off your debt. You’ll make regular, on-time payments to the credit counseling agency, who will then use your payments to pay your creditors. While you’re on this plan, you’ll have to agree not to apply for additional credit or get into any more debt.
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Warning

Debt settlement companies negotiate with creditors to settle your debt for less than what you owe, but there’s typically a fee, you must stop paying your credit cards — leaving you open to legal action — and there’s no guarantee it will work.

Learn More: Pros and Cons of Debt Consolidation

Personal loan default FAQ

How can I rebuild my credit after defaulting on a personal loan?

The first step that can help you rebuild your credit is to get caught up on your payments. After that, focus on making on-time payments each month. Over time, the impact of your default will lessen as you have more on-time payments.

Is it possible to remove a personal loan default from my credit report?

Some lenders may be willing to remove a personal loan default from your credit report in exchange for paying the bill in full — this is known as a pay-for-deletion agreement. However, having the default removed from your credit isn’t guaranteed. Another option to consider is disputing the default with the three credit bureaus, but that will only work if the reported default isn’t legitimate.

What legal actions can a lender take against me if I default on a personal loan?

If you default on a personal loan, there are several actions lenders can take to recoup their losses, including selling the loan to a collections agency, seizing your collateral (if it was a secured loan), or taking you to court for the unpaid debt.

Meet the expert:
Erin Gobler

Erin Gobler has over 10 years of experience in personal finance. Her work has appeared on Fox Business, Fox Money, USA TODAY, Business Insider, GOBankingRates, Newsweek Vault, CNN, and Forbes Advisor.